First add the nginx stable repo:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nginx/stable
Then run apt update:
sudo apt-get update
And get the nginx geoip module:
sudo apt-get install nginx-module-geoip
This will download and load the module to /usr/lib/nginx/modules
To load the nginx module, open nginx.conf:
sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
add add below in the main context:
load_module "modules/ngx_http_geoip_module.so";
The module will be loaded, when you reload the configuration or restart nginx.
_To dynamically “unload” a module, comment out or remove its load_module directive and reload the nginx configuration.